英语学习：常见的目的状语（二）

一、用so that表目的

so as to和so that均可表示目的，两者的区别是，前者引出不定式，后者用以引导目的状语从句。与用so as to do sth表示目的的情形相似，so that引导的目的状语从句通常位于主句之后。如：

I will give him a key so that he can get into the house whenever he likes.
我会给他一把钥匙，好让他能随时进来。

I got here early so that we could have a few minutes alone together.
我到这儿早些是为了我们能单独在一起待几分钟。

They wrote the notices in several languages so that foreign tourists could understand them.
他们把通知用几国文字写出来，以便让各国游客都能看得懂。

有时可省略其中的that。如：

Leave the keys out so (that) I remember to take them with me.
把钥匙放在外面，好让我记得带。

I deliberately didn’t have lunch so (that) I would be hungry tonight.
我有意没吃午饭，为的就是让自己今晚能感到饿。

so that 引导的目的状语从句有时还可置于主句之前（但是，若so that引导的从句是表示结果，则不可放在句首）。如：

So that I shouldn’t worry， he phoned me on arrival.
为了不让我担心，他一到就给我打了电话。

So that I shouldn’t forget it， I made a knot in my handkerchief.
为了免得忘记，我将手帕打了一个结。

So that the coming generation can learn the martial arts， he has recently devoted much time to writing books on the subject.
为了下一代能够学会这些武术，他近来花了许多时间著书立说。

 

 二、用in order that表目的

in order to和in order that均可表示目的，两者的区别是，前者引出不定式，后者用以引导目的状语从句。与用in order to do sth表示目的的情形相似，in order that引导的目的状语从句可以位于主句之前或之后。如：

We arrived early in order that we could get good seats.
我们到得早，以便找到好座位。

These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
这些人甘冒生命危险，为的是让我们生活更安全。

I bought a new car in order that my wife might learn to drive.
我买了一辆新车，以便我妻子学习驾驶。

In order that you may create such a picture， you have to possess certain artistic weapons.
创作这样的画，你得具有某些艺术手段。

 

 三、用in case表目的

in case用于引导目的状语从句时，意思是“以防”“以免”。如：

He took his umbrella in case it should rain.
他带上了雨伞，以防下雨。

You’d better take the keys in case I’m out.
你最好带上钥匙，以防我不在家。

Listen out for the baby in case she wakes up.
注意听宝宝的动静，她醒来好知道。

in case 引导的目的状语从句有时也可位于主句之前。如：

In case anyone was following me， I made an elaborate detour.
为了防止有人跟踪我，我特地绕了弯路。

注：也有人认为这样用的in case 从句为原因状语从句，意思是“因为怕……”。比较：

I had a snack， just in case there was no time to eat later.
我吃了些点心，以防过会儿没有时间吃饭。（将in case译成“以防”，将之视为目的状语从句）

I had a snack， just in case there was no time to eat later.
我吃了些点心，因为怕过会儿没有时间吃饭。（将in case译成“因为怕”，将之视为原因状语从句）

Here's a contact number， in case there should be a problem.
这是联系电话，以防有问题出现。（将in case译成“以防”，将之视为目的状语从句）

Here's a contact number， in case there should be a problem.
这是联系电话，因为怕有问题出现。（将in case译成“因为怕”，将之视为原因状语从句）

 

 四、用for fear (that) 表目的

for fear that 用于引导目的状语从句时，与 in case 大致同义，意思是“以防”“以免”。如：

He’s working hard for fear (that) he should fail.
他在努力工作唯恐他会失败。

She finally ran away for fear that he would kill her.
她最后逃走了，因为怕被他杀了。

Scientists reject a total ban for fear it will undermine efforts to stop the spread of malaria.
科学家们反对全面禁止，以免削弱为防止疟疾扩散所作的努力。

注：与in case一样，for fear that 引导的从句有时也被理解为原因状语从句，并将其翻译为“因为怕……”。比较：

Shut the window for fear that it may rain.
把窗子关上以防下雨。（将for fear that 译成“以防”，将之视为目的状语从句）

Shut the window for fear that it may rain.
把窗子关上，因为怕下雨。（将for fear that 译成“因为怕”，将之视为原因状语从句）