中级英语：副词的位置规律

1.一般副词的位置

在许多情况下，副词都放在所修饰的动词后面或句末。如：

The girl dances very well.
这个女孩跳舞跳得好。

We must work hard.
我们必须努力工作。副词在句中的位置规律

He does his work very carefully.
他做工作非常仔细。

I want to see the film very much.
我很想看这部电影。

有时也放在主语后面，谓语动词前面(对动作加以强调)。如：

He angrily closed the door.
他生气地把门关上了。

置于句中的副词，若碰上助动词，则通常放在助动词之后、主要动词之前：

He has just left for work.
他刚刚离开去上班。

We have already read the book.
我们都已读过这本书。
 

2.频度副词在句中的位置

频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见的有ever, never, seldom, sometimes, often, always等，它们通常位于实意动词之前，动词 be、助动词、情态动词之后。如：

He never reads such books.
他从不看那样的书。

He often comes to school late. / He is often late for school.
他上学常迟到。

有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：

She always was late.
她老是迟到。

为了强调等原因，有时频度副词可位于句首或句末(尤其受very,only修饰时)：

Why don't you go for a walk? It'll give you an appetite for your lunch.
你怎么不出去散散步? 散散步午饭时就有食欲了。

Very often the phone rings when I'm in the bath.
电话经常在我洗澡时响起。

Do you go to the cinema very often?
你常去看电影吗?

频度副词 always 和 never 通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：

Always remember this.
请时刻记住这一点。

Never tell him the news.
千万不要告诉他这消息。

在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的则必须位于否定词之后(如 always)，而有的频度副词必须要位于否定词 not 之前(如 sometimes)：

He doesn't usually come here. / He usually doesn't come here.
他通常不来这儿。

She doesn't always come late.
她并非总是迟到。

He is sometimes not satisfied with my work.
他有时对我的工作不满意。
 

3.副词位置对句意的影响

有时副词位置的不同会导致句子意义的改变。如：

Tom alone is coming.
只有汤姆要来。

Tom is coming alone.
汤姆将一个人来。

Only I kissed her last night.
昨晚只有我吻了她。

I only kissed her last night.
昨晚我只是吻了她。

I kissed only her last night.
昨晚我吻的只有她。

I kissed her only last night [last night only].
我只是在昨晚才吻了她。

They secretly decided to leave the town.
他们秘密决定离开这个城市。

They decided to leave the town secretly.
他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。

He answered the question foolishly.
他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。

He foolishly answered the question.
他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。

Clearly he didn't say so.
显然他没有这样说。

He didn't say so clearly.
他说得没有那么清楚。