Perched upon Marpo Ri hill, 130 meters above the Lhasa valley, the Potala Palace rises a further 170 meters and is the greatest monumental structure in all of Tibet. In 637 Emperor Songtsen Gampo decided to build this palace on a hill, and the structure stood until the seventeenth century, when it was incorporated into the foundations of the greater buildings still standing today. Construction of the present palace began in 1645 during the reign of the fifth Dalai Lama and by 1648 the Potrang Karpo, or White Palace, was completed. The Potrang Marpo, or Red Palace, was added between 1690 and 1694; its construction required the labors of more than 7000 workers and 1500 artists and craftsman. The Potala Palace was only slightly damaged during the Tibetan uprising against the invading Chinese in 1959. Unlike most other Tibetan religious structures, it was not sacked by the Red Guards during the 1960s and 1970s. As a result, all the chapels and their artifacts are very well preserved.

 

在高出拉萨河谷130米的玛布山上，坐落着170米高的布达拉宫，它是全西藏最大的纪念性建筑。公元637年，吐蕃王朝藏王松赞干布决定将这座宫殿建在山上。直到17世纪，这座历尽沧桑仍屹立不倒的宫殿得到扩建，终成今日之规模。1645年五世达赖在位期间，布达拉宫开工重建。白宫部分于1648年完工；红宫部分的扩建始于1690年，竣工于1694年，整个工程征用了7000多名工人和1500多位工匠。因不满中国人民解放军进驻西藏，1959年西藏爆发了武装叛乱。在这场叛乱中，布达拉宫仅受轻微损坏。20世纪60至70年代，在文革时期红卫兵的洗劫下，西藏大部分宗教建筑均遭到破坏，唯有布达拉宫幸免于难，宫内所有殿堂和文物均保存完好。

 

 

The most famous of three royal palaces built for Louis II of Bavaria, sometimes referred to as Mad King Ludwig, the Neuschwanstein it's a royal palace in the Bavarian Alps of Germany. egun in 1869 and left unfinished at Louis's death in 1886, the castle is the embodiment of 19th century romanticism. In a fantastical imitation of a medieval castle, Neuschwanstein is set with towers and spires and is spectacularly sited on a high point over the Pullat River gorge.

 

巴伐利亚国王路易二世，又称“疯王路德维希”，在他的三座行宫中，最负盛名的要属位于德国境内巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山麓的新天鹅堡。这座体现了19世纪浪漫主义的城堡始建于1869年，但直到1886年国王离世时仍未竣工。壮观的新天鹅堡坐落在普拉特峡谷的山顶上，高耸的尖塔错落有致，洋溢着中世纪城堡的气息。

The construction of the castle was carried out according to a well thought-out plan. The castle was equipped with all kinds of technical conveniences which were very modern, if not to say revolutionary at that time. Running water on all floors. There were toilets equipped with automatic flushing on every floor. A warm air heating system for the entire building. American tourists are already familiar with Neuschwanstein; the sleeping beauty Castle in DisneyLand, was modeled on it.

城堡的建设独具匠心，所投入的技术都非常现代化，在当时可谓标新立异。每层楼都配备了供水装置及自动冲水厕所，整座城堡也设有热风供热系统。美国游客对新天鹅堡应该非常熟悉了，迪士尼乐园的睡美人城堡就是依照它仿建的。

 

 

 

One of the biggest castles in the world, and according to Guinness Book of Records, the biggest ancient castle, Prague Castle is about 570 meters in length and an average of 130 meters wide. The Czech Crown Jewels are kept here, and it was the place where the Czech kings, Holy Roman Emperors and presidents of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic have had their offices.

 

据《吉尼斯世界纪录》记载，布拉格城堡是世界上最大的城堡之一，也是世界上最大的古堡，约570米长、130米宽。长久以来，这里一直是捷克历代国王、神圣罗马帝国皇帝、捷克斯洛伐克以及捷克共和国总统们的办公所在地，捷克皇冠宝石也被收藏于此。

 

 

 

Now located in Hunedoara, Romania, the Hunyad Castle was part of Principality of Transylvania, and it's believed to be the place where Vlad III of Wallachia (commonly known as Dracula) was held prisoner for 7 years after he was deposed in 1462. The castle is a relic of the Hunyadi dynasty. It was built in Gothic style, but has Baroque and Renaissance architectural elements. It is a large and imposing building with tall and diversely colored roofs, towers and myriad windows and balconies adorned with stone carvings.

 

布朗城堡曾属特兰西瓦尼亚公国所有，如今位于罗马尼亚的胡内多阿拉县。人们认为古代罗马尼亚大公弗拉德三世（俗称德古拉）于1462年被罢黜后，在该城被囚7年。布朗城堡是匈雅提王朝的一处遗址，属哥特式建筑，也兼有巴洛克式和文艺复兴时期的建筑元素。城堡雄伟壮丽，屋顶绚丽多彩，塔楼、窗户和阳台均用石雕装饰。

 

 

The oldest palace inspired by European Romanticism, the Pena National Palace in Portugal stands on the top of a hill above the town of Sintra, and on a clear day it can be easily seen from Lisbon. First built in the 15th century as a palace, it was later reconstructed and donated to the church as a monastery. An earthquake in 1755 ruined most of it, until Prince Fernando acquired it in 1838 rebuilt it. The style of the palace is an eclectic combination of the original and subsequent styles, plus Romantic, Bavarian, and Moorish architecture, plus an English garden.

 

佩纳宫位于葡萄牙境内，矗立在里斯本近郊的辛特拉镇上的一座小山上，是受到欧洲浪漫主义启发而建的最古老的宫殿，风和日丽时，能从里斯本清晰地看到它。佩纳宫始建于15世纪，经改造后被捐赠给教堂作修道院，并在1755年的一场地震中化为废墟，直到1838年，费迪南德王子开始将其重建成宫殿。宫殿融合了多种建筑风格，兼具浪漫主义、巴伐利亚式和摩尔式，还设有一座英式花园。

 

 

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