1.render 使...成为

* 书面用词，多指因外界因素而使某人或某物处于某种状态

It contained so many errors as to render it worthless.

太多的错误使之变得毫无价值。

His rudeness rendered me speechless.

他的粗鲁无礼让我哑口无言。

2.cause 使得，导致

* 正式用词，侧重指使某事发生的原因

The insecticide used on some weeds can cause health problems.

喷洒在野草上的杀虫剂会引发各种健康问题。

3.result in... 导致

* result in = issue in 表示“结果是...”

The unsatisfiedness of the workmen resulted in a strike.

工人的不满导致了一场罢工。

4.attribute to 把…归因于 （把因果顺序置换）

She attributes her great age to carefully planned diet.

她认为她的高寿是精心安排饮食的结果。

5.account for 导致

The flood accounted for the bad crop.

水灾导致歉收。

6.lead to 使得，导致

Heart failure led to her aunt's death.

心力衰竭导致她姑姑的死亡。

7.contribute to 是...的原因

Various factors contributed to his downfall.

多种因素的作用导致了他的倒台。

8.make for 促成，造就（非正式用语）

A happy parent makes for a happy child.

幸福的家长造就幸福的孩子。

9.due/thanks/owing to + reason 由于，多亏了...

* due/thanks/owing to +导致问题发生的原因，表示由于...而发生了...

The traffic accident was allegedly due/owing to negligence.

这次车祸据说是由于疏忽造成的。

It's thanks to Sandy that I heard about the job.

幸亏桑迪我才得知了那份工作的事。

(thanks to 多含有“辛亏”之意，包含有“感激之情”）

希望能对你有所帮助啊！